The term 'Bamboo' covers such a wide and varied species of plants that are suited to a wide variety of climates of Africa, Asia, Central and Sth America, Pacific Is. and Nthn Australia.
Most peoples idea of Bamboo extends at most to the temperate climate genera Phyllostachys , Pleiblastus, Sasa, all runners, and when planted in inappropriate sites,
are responsible for most of the bad reputation given to Bamboos in general.
there are however clumping bamboos which are predominantly of tropical and sub-tropical origin.
some of them are quite hardy and wil take temperatures below freezing for some time.
Bambusa multiplex (syn. B.glaucescens) with it's many cultivars , though not my favorite, will grow very well in mediteranean and cooler climates.
IMO, better choices would be the likes of Bambusa oldhamii, B.textilis, B.tuldoides and other hardy , erect growing species.
for frost-free climates, even some Dendrocalamus spp. may do ok, so long as ther is enough humidity during the growing season.
Fargesia spp. , Drepanostachyum spp. from cool hymalayan regions are also clumping types,
but dont handle heat or strong sunlight so well.
I do have a fairly extensive collection of SE Asian species at a friends farm in a sub-tropical wet climate,
but i don't bother trying to grow them here as it is too dry and hot
in summer here for them to be at their best.
Some will grow ok depending on local conditions.
As far as Phyllostachys spp. goes, I'd only grow it in a tub or
.... in the ground on a large piece of land only with the ideal conditions for it to grow,
for big edible shoots and building material rather than a useless nuisance.
I just stick to growing Arundo donax here as a more climate appropriate bamboo substitute
and as a source of canes for trellises etc in the vege garden