David, It does not have keys, but if you can lay your hands on a copy of The Cactus Family by Edward F Anderson (Timber Press, 2001) you will find a lot of detail about differences between the 1,800 species it describes - including for instance detailed measurements of petals, but not their number. It also has about a thousand colour photos. I luckily found a discounted copy not long after it first came out, but it's since become horrendously expensive.